This is the continuation of a conversation between myself and a friend who is an atheist/naturalist. He and I agree on Batman and beer. We disagree on issues of religion and whether or not Chis Evans made a good Captain America. We’ll be trading questions and answers on our blogs regarding issues of atheism, naturalism and religion. Yesterday, I addressed a few side-issues in Lance’s post regarding “good.”
Now, to the main point… I originally asked “Can you describe the “good” religious faith is an obstacle to?”
You wrote… “good is what’s beneficial to us as a species”
I would agree. Yet, you have not accounted for why it would be good for humanity to survive. You assume we ought to. In other words, at the root of your definition of “good” is an assumption about the basic value of human life; that it is worth preserving. This assumption is not arrived at by way of reason. I would suggest that it is, in fact, the root from which reason grows and without which reason becomes every inch the terrifying tool religion or economics can be. The brick mill owner who enslaves his workers has every reason to do so in light of the profits cheap labor helps him bring in. He does not offend reason by enslaving people.. his end is profit and cheap labor simply makes sense. What is offended is a basic assumption of what people are worth or what people are for. People ought not be valued only for their utility. The life of a child ought not be compromised for the sake of profit. Reason does not tell me this; I assume it. And without that assumption, I can reason myself to just about anything.
You pointed out a handful of the atrocities humanity has perpetrated upon itself in your post. All of these things are tragic for the very reason that they are a departure from basic value. In other words, if the Crusades were tragic or wrong (and I agree they were), it is because the freedom to choose is of value and was corrupted/compromised/broken. Likewise, if Kamikaze piloting or the attaches on 9/11 are tragic or wrong, it is because human life is of value and was corrupted/compromised/broken.
If I do not make an assumption about the basic value of human life, then the only reasonable way to evaluate the goodness of Kamikaze piloting is whether or not it helps win a war. You are suggesting that, regardless of it’s strategic impact, something about using flying planes into populated areas is bad. Yet you’ve not given me a foundational reason to think so. You’ve assumed that life should be more important than that.
Alongside the travesties you cited, consider some even greater and more pervasive atrocities propagated by the species we ought to preserve…
…a species that compromises the quality of life of some for the simple or even sick pleasures of others (ex. cheap labor, indentured servitude and sex slavery.. est. 27million people worldwide).
…a species that allows half of it’s population to live in destitute poverty (est. 900mil. people without access to clean drinking water).
…a species that often takes the best of its fruits and uses them for the worst of it’s intentions (nuclear, chemical warfare).
…a species that largely disregards the well-being of the planet upon which it lives, even to the detriment of its own survival.
…a species that seemingly invents ways to hurt itself (smoking, fast food,.. Ke$ha).
What makes such a species worth preserving?
In an early episode of Battlestar Galactica (the greatest show in the history of television), one of the cylons asks a powerful question to the commander of the Galactica. After years and years of war between cylons (created by humanity) and humanity, the cylon asks if humanity has ever asked itself why it deserved to survive… poignantly, the commander does not have an answer.
Note that I am not at all pointing at a Divine Source for value; only that there seems to be something more basic than reason by which we come to understand, albeit incomplete, what “good” is.
Your example of helping a blind woman without having been told to contains the same assumption. You wrote… “Nobody and no deity needs to tell me that. I can figure it out for myself.” But you didn’t figure it out. “I should help blind women” is not a conclusion you came to after years of study and careful consideration of societal norms and/or cost-benefit analysis. Something about passing up on that opportunity would offend the basic value you and I both stand on when we critique our world. We refer to the same basic value.. the same universal good. It is when, for whatever “reason,” be it economic, religious or otherwise, one of us deviates from such that basic thing that we start to use see actions as “bad” or “wrong.”
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Question: You wrote…“whatever is helpful for the greatest number of people is what’s good.” I honestly don’t understand this and could use an example of where or how you see this played out. It sounds like the kind of thing that could spell trouble for minority groups like the elderly, who make up only about 8% of the earth’s population and take a great deal of money, time and energy to care for. Can you please elaborate?